Humanities

A socio-anthropological approach to living and housing production, in line with the general theme of semester 3.
Understand the evolution of ways of living and forms of housing production, in relation to social, economic, political and environmental issues. The various manifestations of ‘inhabiting’ (practical and symbolic) and the production/manufacture of housing are studied from an ecosystemic perspective, each time questioning the way in which the architect’s skills and position are challenged.

HOUSING, HOUSING POLICIES AND CHANGING LIFESTYLES

This course looks at the evolution of ways of living on different urban and planetary scales, and the issues involved (political, socio-economic and ecological). It examines the fundamental concepts and notions of inhabitation – housing/housing/housing, housing/housing, space/place, segregation/aggregation, gentrification/peri-urbanization/segregation/social mixing… – based on the main trends and reference authors in urban and architectural sociology and anthropology.
We look at housing policies, settlement patterns, residential trajectories, and effective ways of appropriating space, integrating economic, socio-demographic, anthropological and cultural issues (forms of work, family evolution, aging, forms of cohabitation, etc.).
Housing policies and changing lifestyles are analyzed in the light of major societal developments, particularly those linked to changes in the economic system since the 19th century and the impact of technological revolutions. In particular, the course shows how, since the post-war period, Western lifestyles have developed with a heavy dependence on oil and its derivatives, and how criticism of this model in the light of ecological issues has led to the emergence of alternative forms of habitat and living. Each session highlights and discusses how these different production systems and the values underpinning them affect the way in which architecture and the architect’s work are considered and mobilized. Several ways in which architects engage with local ecosystems and interact with local residents are presented.

Des séances thématiques :

L’habitation, la famille, la ville
Les seuils et les espaces de transition de l’habitation
Politiques du logement, de la ville et transformations urbaines
Politiques du logement, de la ville et transformations urbaines (suite)
L’habitat pavillonnaire et ses modes de vie
La ville ségréguée
Vieillissement, habitat des séniors, habitat intergénérationnel
Politiques de constructions universitaires et habitat des étudiants (Nicolas Delesque)
Évolution des modes d’habiter, des modes de vie et de consommation
Habiter dans un contexte de transition écologique : enjeux contemporains, habitation alternatives
La question énergétique et les usages de l’habitat : quels défis pour l’architecture ? (Marina Cyrino)
Habitat et écologie en Chine

Book report exercise (work in pairs) on a book chosen from a list presented by the teachers. In addition to a structured, analytical presentation of the chosen work, students will be asked to develop a reflection on a topical issue based on their own interests, and linked to the theme addressed by the chosen work. Links will also be established with the lecture.

Each rendering is to be transmitted by uploading it to the course drive. It is imperative that you name your files as follows: NOM1NOM2-RenduN
and to file them in doc, docx, or odt format
Rendu 1 : Choix motivé de l’ouvrage
Choice of work:
– Name of the 2 students who will produce the book report
– Name of the work which will be the subject of the book report
– Explanation of this choice in a personal way.
Each student writes a short text (5-10 lines) explaining his/her interest in the subject, what he/she already knows about it, what he/she would like to know and what questions he/she has.

Hand in 2: Presentation and summary (30% of final mark)
Each student in the pair handed in this 2nd progress note:
– general presentation (1 page): the text for this part may be common to both students.
– summary of the work according to the example provided (2 to 3 pages). Individual work, without plagiarism or use of ChatGPT

Hand in 3: Link established with current events (30% of final mark)
3rd progress report: one document only, to be completed by two people
How is the theme addressed, or one of the subjects of the book you are interested in, current?
Identify feature articles in the daily press or in magazines in the fields of architecture and urban planning, and contemporary data relating to this issue.
The report will be a summary note (2 pages minimum): comment on the lessons drawn from the data collected and/or one or more events presented in one or more articles relating to the theme. What is the current situation (in France or worldwide)? How does the information gathered echo the ideas developed by the author in the book? To what extent do these different sources complement each other, providing a better understanding of current events or, conversely, of what the author is saying?

Final rendering: Complete reading sheet (40% of final mark)
One document only for each pair. The sheet compiles the first 3 renderings improved on the basis of the comments made. Changes should be indicated, for example, by a different font color.
Conclusion (1-2 pages):
– what did you learn by doing this exercise, by exchanging your ideas on the subject in pairs?
– in what way was your opinion on the subject strengthened or challenged? Answers may reflect each student’s point of view, or disagreements between you.
– What links did you make with the content of the course, or with that of other courses at school?
– why do you think this topic is important for an architect?

Evaluation criteria:
-understanding of the main concepts and issues (political, social, economic, environmental) linked to the production and design of housing
-personal character of the work (no plagiarism – nor recourse to ChatGPT -, no borrowing from authors without referencing or quotation marks)
-clear presentation
-consideration of comments made during interim presentations
-ability to search for sources and cite the sources used
-ability to make links with the course and other teaching received at school
-submission on the requested dates (0.5 pts less for each day late).

Reading of a book and related articles.

BONETTI (Michel), Habiter : Le bricolage imaginaire de l’espace, Épi, 1994.
CHARMES (Éric), La revanche des villages. Essai sur la France périurbaine, coll. “La république des idées”, Le Seuil, 2019.
CHOMBART de LAUWE (Paul-Henry), Des hommes et des villes, Petite Bibliothèque Payot, Paris, 1963.
DONZELOT Jacques, La ville à trois vitesses, Esprit, mars 2004.
FATHY (Hassan), Construire avec le peuple, Sindbad, Paris, 1970, Paris, Actes sud, 1999.
GORTZ (André) – Écologie politique, Écologie et liberté, Arthaud, Les Fondamentaux de l’écologie, 1977-ed. 2018.
HAËNTJENS (Jean), LEMOINE (Stéphanie), Éco-urbanisme. Planetary challenges, urban solutions. Les éditions Écosociété, Canada, Quebec, 2015.
HARVEY David, Capitalism versus the right to the city: neoliberalism, urbanization, resistance, 2011
HOPKINS (Robe) – Transition Handbook: from oil dependency to local resilience, (1st ed. 2008), ÉcoSociété, Cana, Québec, 2010.
LEFEBVRE (Henri), Le droit à la ville – Anthropos, 1968.
MARCHAL (Hervé), STÉBÉ (Jean-Marc), Le pavillon, une passion française, PUF, 2023
MOLEY (Christian), L’architecture du logement, Une généalogie de 1850 à nos jours, Éditions du Moniteur, 2021 (revised and expanded reprint of L’Architecture du Logement, cultures et logiques d’une norme héritée, Anthropos-Économica, 1998),
MAGNAGHI (Alberto), La conscience du lieu, Eterotopia France/rhizome, Paris, 2017.
SADIN (Éric), La Silicolonisation du monde. L’irrésistible ascension du capitalisme numérique, éditions l’Échappée belle, 2016.
SEGAUD (Marion), BRUN (Jacques), DRIANT (Jean-Claude), (dirs.), Dictionnaire de l’habitat et du logement, Armand Colin, 2003.
RAYMOND H., HAUMONT N., DEZES M-G., HAUMONT A.(dir.), L’habitat pavillonnaire, Préface d’Henri Lefebvre, L’harmattan, édition 2001, 1ère éd. 1966).

+ list of other works from which the one to be analyzed is selected.

Slide show shown during class and transmitted after each session. Extracts from audiovisual archives.